Direct lashing.
Direct lashing is one of the most important methods of load securing. In this method, the load is held directly in place by lashing equipment and secured against movement during transport. This guide explains the basics of direct lashing, as well as the diagonal and angle lashing methods, including how to calculate them.
Direct lashing
In addition to tie-down lashing , direct lashing is also used in load securing . Whilst with tie-down lashing the load is pressed down onto the loading area, with direct lashing the load is held in position by lashing systems.
In contrast to lashing down, direct lashing therefore falls under form-fitting load securing. With lashing down, the preload force (STF) is the key factor, whereas with direct lashing it is the permissible lashing force (LC).
The direct lashing method can be divided into different types:
- Direct lashing
- Diagonal lashing
- Bay/head lashing
In direct lashing, the required permissible lashing force (LC) of the lashing equipment depends on the following parameters:
- Lashing angle α (should be in the range between 20° and 65°)
- The horizontal angle β (should be between 6° and 55°)
- Coefficient of sliding friction μ
- Load weight m
It is also crucial whether the load must be secured lengthways (x-direction) or across (y-direction) to the direction of travel, as different acceleration values must be taken into account.
Additional measures such as positive locking, wedging, nailing or securing the load significantly increase safety.
Diagonal lashing
When lashing diagonally, four lashing straps are always used. There are the following three options:
1. The lashing straps are tensioned from the corners of the load to the nearest corner at the front and rear.
2. The lashing straps cross over at the front and back.
3. The lashing straps cross over each other on the long sides.
Angle lashing
In angle lashing, eight lashing straps are normally tensioned at a right angle (β = 90°) to the loading area.
As a rule, diagonal lashing is carried out either in the longitudinal or transverse direction, as the form-fit (e.g. through blocking or other loading units) secures the other direction.
Calculation formula
To calculate diagonal lashing for a free-standing, stable load unit with four lashing points, the following applies in accordance with VDI 2700 Sheet 2, the following formulae apply:
Diagonal lashing in the longitudinal direction:
Diagonal lashing in the transverse direction:
| Abbreviation | Definition/explanation according to VDI 2700 | |
|---|---|---|
| FiH | Restraint force in the lashing | |
| fl | Longitudinal acceleration coefficient = 0.8 | |
| fq | Lateral acceleration coefficient = 0.5 | |
| fv | Downward vertical acceleration coefficient = 1.0 | |
| LC | Permissible tensile force/lashing capacity of a lashing | |
| g | Gravitational acceleration | g = 9.81 m/s² |
| m | Mass of the load | Mass of the load to be secured |
| n | Number of lashing devices | |
| α | Vertical angle | Angle between the lashing and the loading area of a means of transport |
| βl | Longitudinal horizontal angle | Angle between the lashing device and the longitudinal axis (x-axis) of a means of transport in the plane of the load area |
| βq | Transverse horizontal angle | Angle between the lashing device and the transverse axis (y-axis) of a means of transport in the plane of the load area |
| μ | Coefficient of friction | Coefficient used to determine the friction between the load and the respective surface whilst the load is moving relative to the loading area |
Dolezych-Einfach-Methode©
for diagonal lashing
Your advantage: Simply and quickly select the required LC of the lashing equipment!
For the angle ranges
- α from 20° to 65° and
- β from 6° to 55°
the most unfavorable angle pairing was always used to calculate the securing force LC. The LC values in the table are rounded up so that they correspond to the respective LC of the available lashing equipment. Rounding up means you are “simple” and “safe”.
Prerequisite for the Dolezych-Einfach-Methode© direct lashing according to VDI 2700
- Center of gravity position
- Lashing equipment must have the same elongation
- The lashing equipment must be tensioned evenly (usually 10% of the LC)
- With four lashing devices with two lashing devices per side (n = 2)
- The attachment points on the load and loading area must have the appropriate strength
- Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.81 m/s2
Important: The coefficients of friction according to VDI 2700 Sheet 2, for example for Euro pallets (wood) on plywood (screen structure), can be found on our page about load securing. Friction coefficients can be increased with anti-slip mats.
| Load weight in kg | LC in daN | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| μ = 0,1 | μ = 0,2 | μ = 0,3 | μ = 0,4 | μ = 0,5 | μ = 0,6 | |
| 250 | 500 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 |
| 500 | 750 | 500 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 |
| 1.000 | 1.500 | 1.000 | 500 | 500 | 250 | 250 |
| 1.500 | 2.500 | 1.500 | 750 | 500 | 500 | 250 |
| 2.000 | 4.000 | 2.000 | 1.000 | 750 | 500 | 500 |
| 2.000 | 4.000 | 2.500 | 1.500 | 1.000 | 750 | 500 |
| 3.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | 1.500 | 1.000 | 750 | 500 |
| 4.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | 2.000 | 1.500 | 1.000 | 750 |
| 5.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | 2.500 | 2.000 | 1.500 | 750 |
| 6.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | 2.000 | 1.500 | 1.000 |
| 7.000 | 16.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | 2.500 | 1.500 | 1.000 |
| 8.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 4.000 | 4.000 | 2.000 | 1.500 |
| 9.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | 2.000 | 1.500 |
| 10.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | 2.500 | 1.500 |
| 12.000 | 20.000 | 16.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | 4.000 | 2.000 |
| 14.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | 2.000 | |
| 16.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | 2.500 | |
| 18.000 | 20.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | 2.500 | |
| 20.000 | 20.000 | 10.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | |
| 22.000 | 20.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | |
| 24.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | ||
| 26.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | ||
| 28.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | 4.000 | ||
| 30.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 10.000 | 4.000 | ||
| 35.000 | 20.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | ||
| 40.000 | 20.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | ||
| 42.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | |||
| 44.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | |||
| 46.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | 6.300 | |||
| 48.000 | 16.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | |||
| 50.000 | 20.000 | 16.000 | 10.000 | |||
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